What's the process of building a retaining wall?

Building a retaining wall is a rewarding project that can transform your outdoor space, but it requires careful planning and a methodical approach to ensure it stands the test of time. Whether you're looking to prevent soil erosion, level out a sloped yard, or add a striking hardscape feature, understanding the process is essential.

Start by defining the wall's purpose. Is it purely functional, like holding back a steep incline, or do you want it to double as a decorative element, such as a raised garden bed? This decision will influence the design, height, and materials. Speaking of materials, you've got options — concrete blocks are popular for their durability and ease of use, natural stone offers a timeless look, and treated timber provides a rustic vibe on a budget. Once you've settled on a material, measure and mark the wall's path using stakes and string to outline its footprint.

Next comes excavation. Dig a trench along the marked line, typically 6-12 inches deep and wide enough to accommodate your base material and the first row of blocks or stones. The depth depends on the wall's height — taller walls need a deeper, wider base for stability. After digging, create a solid foundation by filling the trench with 4-6 inches of gravel or crushed stone. This layer provides a stable, level base and promotes drainage to prevent water buildup behind the wall. Use a tamper or plate compactor to pack the gravel tightly.

With the base ready, lay the first row of blocks, stones, or timber. This "course" is the most important, so take your time to ensure it's perfectly level side-to-side and front-to-back. A slight backward tilt (about 1 inch per foot of height) helps the wall resist soil pressure. Secure the first row in place, then backfill the space behind it with more gravel.

Continue stacking courses, staggering joints between rows for strength. Add drainage pipe behind the wall to channel water away. Cap the wall with a finishing course or cap stones for a polished look.

Capital Land Companies has decades of retaining wall experience. Reach out for your FREE estimate today!